2022年9月27日 星期二

忽然想到(二) 魯迅

 忽然想到(二) 魯迅
 
  校著《苦悶的象徵》文藝論文集,日本廚川白村著。曾由魯迅譯為中文,一九二四年十二月北京新潮社出版的排印樣本時,想到一些瑣事——我於書的形式上有一種偏見,就是在書的開頭和每個題目前後,總喜歡留些空白,所以付印的時候,一定明白地注明。但待排出字來,卻大抵一篇一篇擠得很緊,並不依所注的辦。查看別的書,也一樣,多是行行擠得極緊的。
 
  較好的中國書和西洋書,每本前後總有一兩張空白的副頁,上下的天地頭也很寬。而近來中國的排印的新書則大抵沒有副頁,天地頭又都很短,想要寫上一點意見或別的甚麼,也無地可容,翻開書來,滿本是密密層層的黑字;加以油臭撲鼻,使人發生一種壓迫和窘促之感,不特很少「讀書之樂」,且覺得仿佛人生已沒有「餘裕」,「不留餘地」了
 
  或者也許以這樣的為質樸罷。但質樸是開始的「陋」,精力彌滿,不惜物力的。現在的卻是復歸於陋,而質樸的精神已失,所以只能算窳音語。衰敗;萎靡敗,算墮落,也就是常談之所謂「因陋就簡」。在這樣「不留餘地」空氣的圍繞裏,人們的精神大抵要被擠小的。
 
  外國的平易地講述學術文藝的書,往往夾雜些閒話或笑談,使文章增添活氣,讀者感到格外的興趣,不易於疲倦。但中國的有些譯本,卻將這些刪去,單留下艱難的講學語,使他復近於教科書。這正如折花者除盡枝葉,單留花朵,折花固然是折花,然而花枝的活氣卻滅盡了人們到了失去餘裕心,或不自覺地滿抱了不留餘地心時,這民族的將來恐怕就可慮按:世間從事者常以「不留餘地」為盡責之徵,殊不知「留餘地」者方是真正考驗人之心力的關鍵。上述的那兩樣,固然是比牛毛還細小的事,但究竟是時代精神表現之一端,所以也可以類推到別樣。例如現在器具之輕薄草率(世間誤以為靈便),建築之偷工減料,辦事之敷衍一時,不要「好看」,不想「持久」,就都是出於同一病源的。即再用這來類推更大的事,我以為也行。
 
  一九二五年一月十七日。摘自《華蓋集》

2022年9月26日 星期一

試譯:〈上教堂〉菲利普·拉金【Church Going-Philip Larkin】 淺白

上教堂  菲利普·拉金(試譯:淺白)
 
一旦當我肯定四下已無動靜
我踏入去,任身後的門砰地關上。
又一間教堂:地氈、座椅、石頭
和小書冊;蓬鬆半散的花朵,剛因禮拜
而新割,現已發黃;一些銅器和物品
高放在那神聖的末;端淨的小風琴
和着一種緊張、霉舊、難以忽視的寂靜
醞釀了天曉得多久。沒帽在身,我除下了
我的單車褲夾,以示一種窘然突兀的敬意
 
走上前,將手輕輕繞帶過洗禮盆
從我站立之處,堂頂看來幾乎新似的一樣——
洗刷還是重修過了?有些人會知道:那不是我。
步上講台,我細讀了些
唬人且大字印刷的詩節,並將那句
「於此結束」,唸得遠比預期響亮。
餘音短暫竊笑。回到門邊
我在冊上簽了名,捐了一枚愛爾蘭六便士銀幣
並想到這地方實在不值得人停駐。
 
但我終還是停了下來:事實上我每常如此
且最後總是落得像此際般茫然無向——
不知該着眼甚麼;亦同樣不曉得,
當教堂完全因過時而廢棄,
我們還可將它遷作何用。若我們選擇保留
幾所主教座堂長年展示,並把它們的
羊皮紙、捐款盤,和聖餅盒統統鎖進櫃裏;
再將剩下的,俱免租讓予羊群和雨水寄住。
我們應避開它們,像避開不祥的地方嗎?
 
又或在入夜後,會否有動機不明的女人前來
好讓其孩子觸撫一塊特殊的遺石;摘掇
據云能治癌的藥草;或是在某些
風聞的夜晚,特意探看一個死人的行走?
總有某些如此或如彼的力量會傳續下去
在遊戲裏、於謎語裏,且似乎愈見隨機;
但迷信,一如信念,必須死去,
而當這種「不信」的精神亦復消逝後,我們到底
還剩下甚麼?雜草,草間的路,荊榛,扶壁,天空
 
一個逐星期難辨的形象,
一個愈發模糊的目的。我着實思疑,誰
會是最後,那真正意義上的最後一個,去探尋
這地方,為了其最初建造的原意;是某個
敲敲記記,且諳曉「聖壇屏」究為何物的維修人員?
一些有廢墟癖的、凡見古物即為之心癢的傢伙?
或是某類過聖誕過上癮的怪人,旨意着能一嗅
那些教袍禮帶、風琴管子和沒藥的氣味?
抑或他原是我的代表,
 
鬱悶,無知,曉得這幽靈般的淤泥
已然發散,但下意識地趨近,這片隔着
近郊灌叢的十字土地;為了它是曾
如此長久、貞定,且滿而不溢的裝載着
那些自是以來只能在分隔後,才會尋見的
事質內容——婚姻、分娩、死亡和種種
類近的思考——就是為了這些,其空殻便如此建成了?
畢竟(儘管我全沒概念,這座古異、晦溽的穀倉
究竟有何價值)在沉默的佇立中,它令我不無舒暢——
 
一座嚴肅的屋子,蓋在嚴肅的大地上
在其融合的空氣中,一切我們的欲動
俱相遇,受覺識,並粧裹成命運;
而這些是永不會過時的,
事關總永遠會有人在其自身裏
驚察出一種「想變得更嚴肅」的渴望,
並隨之帶引來到了這處地方:在此,
他曾聽過,是很適合在內增長智慧的,
設若說四下已是有那麼多死者躺在周圍的話。
 
25/7/2022初稿

譯後記:拉金的成名作,亦恐怕是我暫時譯過最長的一首詩了。其實陳黎和張芬齡的譯本也不是差,只是略嫌語言太放鬆了點。在詩風上拉金雖說是已拋卻了「狄倫·湯瑪斯(Dylan Thomas)的華麗辭藻以及艾略特(T. S. Eliot)的玄學高姿,追求一種口語的、明快的、忠於日常生活經驗的詩語言」,但這種所謂「口語」,毋寧仍是很有法度、很頓挫分明的。故若從翻譯效果來看,私以為譯文雅一點,或更能見出其詩的骨力所在;且研煉辭意之餘,也順帶修正了一些先前陳、張譯本裏明顯錯譯,或語焉不詳的地方。(30/9/2022)
 
陳黎和張芬齡的譯本:(http://faculty.ndhu.edu.tw/~chenli/Larkin.htm)

Church Going
By Philip Larkin (from his 1955 collection The Less Deceived)
 
Once I am sure there's nothing going on
I step inside, letting the door thud shut.
Another church: matting, seats, and stone,
And little books; sprawlings of flowers, cut
For Sunday, brownish now; some brass and stuff
Up at the holy end; the small neat organ;
And a tense, musty, unignorable silence,
Brewed God knows how long. Hatless, I take off
My cycle-clips in awkward reverence.
 
Move forward, run my hand around the font.
From where I stand, the roof looks almost new
Cleaned, or restored? Someone would know: I don't.
Mounting the lectern, I peruse a few
Hectoring large-scale verses, and pronounce
'Here endeth' much more loudly than I'd meant.
The echoes snigger briefly. Back at the door
I sign the book, donate an Irish sixpence,
Reflect the place was not worth stopping for.
 
Yet stop I did: in fact I often do,
And always end much at a loss like this,
Wondering what to look for; wondering, too,
When churches fall completely out of use
What we shall turn them into, if we shall keep
A few cathedrals chronically on show,
Their parchment, plate and pyx in locked cases,
And let the rest rent-free to rain and sheep.
Shall we avoid them as unlucky places?
 
Or, after dark, will dubious women come
To make their children touch a particular stone;
Pick simples for a cancer; or on some
Advised night see walking a dead one?
Power of some sort or other will go on
In games, in riddles, seemingly at random;
But superstition, like belief, must die,
And what remains when disbelief has gone?
Grass, weedy pavement, brambles, buttress, sky,
 
A shape less recognisable each week,
A purpose more obscure. I wonder who
Will be the last, the very last, to seek
This place for what it was; one of the crew
That tap and jot and know what rood-lofts were?
Some ruin-bibber, randy for antique,
Or Christmas-addict, counting on a whiff
Of gown-and-bands and organ-pipes and myrrh?
Or will he be my representative,
 
Bored, uninformed, knowing the ghostly silt
Dispersed, yet tending to this cross of ground
Through suburb scrub because it held unspilt
So long and equably what since is found
Only in separation - marriage, and birth,
And death, and thoughts of these - for which was built
This special shell? For, though I've no idea
What this accoutred frowsty barn is worth,
It pleases me to stand in silence here;
 
A serious house on serious earth it is,
In whose blent air all our compulsions meet,
Are recognized, and robed as destinies.
And that much never can be obsolete,
Since someone will forever be surprising
A hunger in himself to be more serious,
And gravitating with it to this ground,
Which, he once heard, was proper to grow wise in,
If only that so many dead lie round.
 
1955


圖片源自網絡。

Note:
Larkin said in Nov. 1964: ‘It is of course an entirely secular poem. I was a bit irritated by an American who insisted to me it was a religious poem. It isn’t religious at all. Religion surely means that the affairs of this world are under divine superveillance, and so on, and I go to some pains to point out that I don’t bother about that kind of thing, that I’m deliberately ignorant of it – “Up at the holy end”, for instance. Ah no, it’s a great religious poem; he knows better than me – trust the tale and not the teller, and all that stuff. Of course the poem is about going to church, not religion – I tried to suggest this by the title – and the union of the important stages of human life – birth, marriage and death – that going to church represents; and my own feeling that when they are dispersed into the registry office and the crematorium chapel life will become thinner in consequence. I certainly haven’t revolted against the poem. It hasn’t become a kind of “Innisfree”, or anything like that […] The poem starts by saying, you don’t really know about all this, you don’t believe in it, you don’t know what a rood-loft is – Why do you come here, why do you bother to stop and look round? The poem is seeking an answer […] I still don’t know what rood-lofts are’: FR, 22–3. (‘Trust the tale and not the teller’ is an allusion to D. H. Lawrence’s Studies in Classic American Literature, 1924, ch. 1: ‘Never trust the artist. Trust the tale.’)
From The Complete Poems of Philip Larkin, edited by Archie Burnett, p.785

Larkin's interview in 1981: 'It came from the first time I saw a ruined church in Northern Ireland, and I’d never seen a ruined church before – discarded. It shocked me... I’m not someone who’s lost faith: I never had it... (Church Going) it’s a humanist poem, a celebration of the dignity of… well, you know what it says.' Ibid, p.785-786

Arthur Marwick, British Society since 1945 (1986), 16, estimates that in 1950 less than ten per cent of the population were (regular) churchgoers. John Osborne, Larkin, Ideology and Critical Violence: A Case of Wrongful Conviction (2008), 96, catches the punning suggestion that the church is going. Ibid, p.786

2022年9月22日 星期四

試譯:〈開裂〉蘇珊·薇格【Cracking-Suzanne Vega】 淺白

〈開裂〉 蘇珊·薇格(試譯:淺白)
 
那事情是一次性的;
只是它每常
發生
陪我走
那我們便來檢驗,目下
我們真實具有的能耐……
……
 
我的步聲滴答作響
一如水滴,正從樹上跌落
腳下的路徑細如毫髮
且每步也走得小心翼翼
……
 
我的心已碎了
它給磨損了,在膝蓋位置
聽覺全給裹住
視野一無所見
很快,它就會觸到深處的冰寒……
……
 
而某些東西正在開裂
我不知道是哪裏
冰結在行人路
易碎的樹枝
虛懸在空氣中
 
其時太陽已很眩目了
昏花的金黃,四下拂掠的淡綠
穿貫過下午的公園裏
一路思疑着:我到底剛才
是去了甚麼鬼地方呵……
 
22/9/2022初稿
 
Cracking
By Suzanne Vega
 
It's a one time thing
It just happens
A lot
Walk with me
And we will see
What we have got
Ah...
 
My footsteps are ticking
Like water dripping from a tree
Walking a hairline
And stepping very carefully
Ah...
 
My heart is broken
It is worn out at the knees
Hearing muffled
Seeing blind
Soon it will hit the Deep Freeze
Ah...
 
And something is cracking
I don't know where
Ice on the sidewalk
Brittle branches
In the air
 
The sun
Is blinding
Dizzy golden, dancing green
Through the park in the afternoon
Wondering where the hell 
I have been
Ah...


試譯:〈春與秋〉傑瑞德·曼利·霍普金斯【Spring and Fall-Gerard Manley Hopkins】 淺白

〈春與秋〉 傑瑞德·曼利·霍普金斯(試譯:淺白)
 
  給一位兒童
 
瑪格麗,你是否正悲痛於
眼前這片金黃色林子的葉落?
樹葉像人世的事物,在新有的感受中
你自覺關懷;你確定你真能夠?
啊!當心靈的年歲漸長
它將對此等情景日轉冷漠
也毋用多久,甚至連歎息也省卻
那怕多個死葉零落的世界已然為之委伏;
然而你仍將淌淚,並明白為何。
現在那名字,孩子,是甚麼也並不重要了:
悲傷的早春們其實都一樣。
至若嘴巴思想,也不見得有曾表示過
那些內心早已聽到、靈魂早已猜到的事:
那正是人類為之而生的亡萎,
而你所悲悼的,正是瑪格麗。
 
20/9/2022初稿
22/9/2022二稿
 
Spring and Fall
By Gerard Manley Hopkins
 
  to a young child
 
Márgarét, áre you gríeving
Over Goldengrove unleaving?
Leáves like the things of man, you
With your fresh thoughts care for, can you?
Ah! ás the heart grows older
It will come to such sights colder
By and by, nor spare a sigh
Though worlds of wanwood leafmeal lie;
And yet you wíll weep and know why.
Now no matter, child, the name:
Sórrow's spríngs áre the same.
Nor mouth had, no nor mind, expressed
What heart heard of, ghost guessed:
It ís the blight man was born for,
It is Margaret you mourn for.

1880


圖片源自網絡。

2022年9月20日 星期二

Ambrose Bierce 《魔鬼字典》(Devil's Dictionary)摘抄

Excerpts from Ambrose Bierces Devil's Dictionary
 
A
 
Accuracy, n. A certain uninteresting quality carefully excluded from human statements.
 
Achievement, n. The death of endeavor and the birth of disgust.
 
Acquaintance, n. A person whom we know well enough to borrow from, but not well enough to lend to. A degree of friendship called slight when its object is poor or obscure, and intimate when he is rich or famous.("For who not needs shall never lack a friend,/And who in want a hollow friend doth try,/Directly seasons him his enemy.", Hamlet)
 
Adams Apple, n. A protuberance on the throat of a man, thoughtfully provided by Nature to keep the rope in place.
 
Adherent, n. A follower who has not yet obtained all that he expects to get.
 
Admirability, n. My kind of ability, as distinguished from your kind of ability.
 
Admiration, n. Our polite recognition of anothers resemblance to ourselves.
 
Adolescent, adj. Recovering from boyhood.
 
Affliction, n. An acclimatizing process preparing the soul for another and
bitter world. (Note: AB frequently used the phrase another and bitter world (i.e., hell) to mock the phrase another and better world, a popular reference to paradise in the hereafter. Another version reads: A method of breaking it to us gently.)
 
Age, n. That period of life in which we compound for the vices that we still cherish by reviling those that we have no longer the enterprise to commit.
 
Air, n. A nutritious substance supplied by a bountiful Providence for the fattening of the poor.
 
Alliance, n. In international politics, the union of two thieves who have their hands so deeply inserted in each other’s pocket that they cannot separately plunder a third.
 
Amnesty, n. The states magnanimity to those offenders whom it would be too expensive to punish.
 
Apologize, v.i. To lay the foundation for a future offence.
 
Appetite, n. An instinct thoughtfully implanted by Providence as a solution to the labor question.
 
Applause, n. The echo of a platitude.
 
Ardor, n. The quality that distinguishes love without knowledge.
 
Argue, v.t. To tentatively consider with the tongue.
 
Army, n. A class of non-producers who defend the nation by devouring everything likely to tempt an enemy to invade.
 
Arrest, v.t. Formally to detain one accused of unusualness.
God made the world in six days and was arrested on the seventh. 
The Unauthorized Version.
 
B
 
Back, n. That part of your friend which it is your privilege to contemplate in your adversity.
 
Bait, n. A preparation that renders the hook more palatable. The best kind is beauty.
 
Ballot, n. A simple device by which a majority proves to a minority the folly of resistance. Many worthy persons of imperfect thinking apparatus believe that majorities govern through some inherent right; and minorities submit, not because they must, but because they ought.
 
Befriend, v.t. To make an ingrate (i.e. an ungrateful person).
 
Benefactor, n. One who makes heavy purchases of ingratitude, without, however, materially affecting the price, which is still within the means of all (i.e. affordable for all).
 
Benevolence, n. Subscribing five dollars toward the relief of one’s aged grandfather in the alms house, and publishing it in the newspaper.
 
Bequeath, v.t. To generously give to another that which can be no longer denied to somebody.
 
Betray, v.t. To make payment for confidence.
 
Betrothed, pp. The condition of a man and woman who, pleasing to one another and objectionable to their friends, are anxious to propitiate (i.e. to gain or regain the favor of; appease) society by becoming unendurable to each other.
 
Bigot, n. One who is obstinately and zealously attached to an opinion that you do not entertain.
 
Bomb, or Bomb-shell, n. A besiegers argument in favor of capitulation, skillfully adapted to the understandings of the women and children.
 
Bore, n. A person who talks when you wish him to listen.
 
Boundary, n. In political geography, an imaginary line between two nations, separating the imaginary rights of one from the imaginary rights of the other.
 
Brain, n. An apparatus with which we think that we think... In our civilization, and under our republican form of government, brain is so highly honored that it is rewarded by exemption from the cares of office.
 
C
 
Charity, n. An amiable quality of the heart which moves us to condone in others the sins and vices to which ourselves are addicted.
 
Chinaman, n. A working man whose faults are docility, skill, industry, frugality and temperance, and whom we clamor to be forbidden by law to employ; whose labor opens countless avenues of employment to the whites, and cheapens the necessities of life to the poor; to whom the squalor of poverty is imputed as a congenial vice, exciting not compassion but resentment.
 
Its very rough to fine a man
For stoning of a Chinaman. 
-Candidate. (Note: AB’s lifelong defense of Chinese immigrants (“coolies”) made him very unpopular in California.)
 
Clergyman, n. A man who undertakes the management of our spiritual affairs as a method of bettering his temporal ones.
 
Client, n. A person who has made the customary choice between the two methods of being legally robbed.
 
Commerce, n. A kind of transaction in which A plunders from B the goods of C, and for compensation B picks the pocket of D of money belonging to E.
 
Compliment, n. A loan that bears interest.
 
Conceit, n. Self-respect in one whom we dislike.
 
Condole, v.i. To show that bereavement is a smaller evil than sympathy.
 
Conservative, n. A statesman who is enamored of existing evils, as distinguished from the Liberal, who wishes to replace them with others.
 
Contempt, n. The feeling of a prudent man for an enemy who is too formidable safely to be opposed.
 
Corporation, n. An ingenious device for obtaining individual profit without individual responsibility.
 
Cordiality, n. The peculiarly engaging quality of manner toward one who is about to enjoy the distinction of being overreached.
 
Corpse, n. A person who manifests the highest possible degree of indifference that is consistent with a civil regard for the solicitude of others.
 
Coward, n. One who in a perilous emergency thinks with his legs.
 
Cremation, n. The process by which the cold meats of humanity are warmed over.
 
Critic, n. A person who boasts himself hard to please because nobody tries to please him.
 
Culprit, n. The other fellow.
 
Cynic, n. A blackguard(a rude or unscrupulous person; scoundrel) whose faulty vision sees things as they are, not as they ought to be. Hence the custom among the Scythians of plucking out a cynic’s eyes to improve his vision.
 
D
 
Dad, n. A father whom his vulgar children do not respect.
 
Dead, adj. “Done with the work of breathing; done
With all the world; the mad race run
Through to the end; the golden goal
Attained and found to be a hole!”
-Squatol Johnes.
 
Debt, n. An ingenious substitute for the chain and whip of the slave-driver.
 
Deist, n. One who believes in God, but reserves the right to worship the Devil.
 
Deliberation, n. The act of examining one’s bread to determine which side it is buttered on (i.e. to understand what is to your benefit).
 
Dependent, adj. Reliant upon another’s generosity for the support which you are not in a position to exact from his fears.
 
Deserve, n. The quality of being entitled to what somebody else obtains.
 
Diagnosis, n. A physician’s forecast of disease by the patient’s pulse and purse.
 
Die, n. The singular of “dice.”
 
Discussion, n. A method of confirming others in their errors.
 
Disobedience, n. The silver lining to the cloud of servitude.
 
E
 
Education, n. That which discloses to the wise and disguises from the foolish their lack of understanding.
 
Equal, adj. As bad as something else.
 
Evanescence, n. The quality that so charmingly distinguishes happiness from grief, and enables us to make an immediate comparison between pleasure and pain, for better enjoyment of the former.
 
Exception, n. A thing which takes the liberty to differ from other things of its class, as an honest man, a truthful woman, etc. “The exception proves the rule” is an expression constantly upon the lips of the ignorant, who parrot it from one another with never a thought of its absurdity. In the Latin, “Ex-ceptio probat regulam” means that the exception tests the rule, puts it to the proof, not confirms it. The malefactor who drew the meaning from this excellent dictum and substituted a contrary one of his own exerted an evil power which appears to be immortal.
 
Excursion, n. An expedition of so disagreeable a character that steamboat and railroad fares are compassionately mitigated to the miserable sufferers.
 
Executioner, n. A person who does what he can to abate the ravages of senility and reduce the chances of being drowned.
 
Exile, n. One who serves his country by residing abroad, yet is not an ambassador.
 
Exonerate, v.t. To show that from a series of vices and crimes some particular crime or vice was accidentally omitted.
 
Expediency, n. The father of all the virtues. ("Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient.", Henry David Thoreau, On the Duty of Civil Disobedience)
 
Experience, n. The wisdom that enables us to recognize as an undesirable old acquaintance the folly that we have already embraced.
 
Extinction, n. The raw material out of which theology created the future state.
 
F
 
Fable, n. A brief lie intended to illustrate some important truth.
 
Famous, adj. Conspicuously miserable.
 
Farce, n. A brief drama commonly played after a tragedy for the purpose of deepening the dejection of the critical. (Note: The definition reflects the ancient Greek practice of presenting a satyr play following tragedies by three competing playwrights during the festival of the Great Dionysia in Athens during the fifth century BCE)
 
Fashion, n. A despot whom the wise ridicule and obey.
 
Fidelity, n. A virtue peculiar to those who are about to be betrayed.
 
Forbidden,pp. Invested with a new and irresistible charm.
 
Forgiveness, n. A stratagem to throw an offender off his guard and catch him red-handed in his next offense.
 
Fraud, n. The life of commerce, the soul of religion, the bait of courtship and the basis of political power.
 
Freedman, n. A person whose manacles have sunk so deeply into the flesh that they are no longer visible.
 
Freethinker, n. A miscreant who wickedly refuses to look out (i.e. watch out; be careful) of a priest’s eyes, and persists in looking into them with too searching a glance. Freethinkers were formerly
 
shot,     burned,   boiled,
racked,   flogged,   cropped
drowned,  hanged,   disemboweled
impaled,  beheaded,  skinned
 
With the lapse of time our holy religion has fallen into the hands and hearts of merciful and humane expounders, and the poor freethinker’s punishment is entrusted to Him who said, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay.” Here on earth the misguided culprit is only
 
threatened, pursued, reviled
avoided, silenced, cursed
insulted, robbed, cheated
harassed, derided, slandered
 
Friendless, adj. Having no favors to bestow. Destitute of fortune. Addicted to utterance of truth and common sense.
 
Friendship, n. A ship big enough to carry two in fair weather, but only one in foul.
 
G
 
Gallows, n. A stage for the performance of miracle plays, in which the leading actor is translated to heaven. In this country the gallows is chiefly remarkable for the number of persons who escape it.
 
“Whether on the gallows high
Or where blood flows the reddest,
The noblest place for man to die—
Is where he died the deadest.”
-Old Play.
 
Gambler, n. A man.
 
Generous, adj. Originally this word meant noble by birth and was rightly applied to a great multitude of persons. It now means noble by nature and is taking a bit of a rest.
 
Grammar, n. A system of pitfalls thoughtfully prepared for the feet of the self-made man, along the path by which he advances to distinction.
 
H
 
Habit, n. A shackle for the free.
 
Happiness, n. An agreeable sensation arising from contemplating the misery of another.
 
Harbor, n. A place where ships taking shelter from storms are exposed to the fury of the customs.
 
Hermit, n. A person whose vices and follies are not sociable.
 
Historian, n. A broad-gauge gossip.
 
Host, n. In popular usage, a man who in consideration of your weekly payments permits you to call yourself his guest.
 
Houseless, adj. Having paid all taxes on household goods.
 
Humanitarian, n. A person who believes the Savior was human and himself is divine.
 
Hypocrite, n. One who, professing virtues that he does not respect, secures the advantage of seeming to be what he despises.
 
I
 
I is the first letter of the alphabet, the first word of the language, the first thought of the mind, the first object of affection. In grammar it is a pronoun of the first person and singular number. Its plural is said to be We, but how there can be more than one myself is doubtless clearer to the grammarians than it is to the author of this incomparable dictionary. Conception of two myselves is difficult, but fine. The frank yet graceful use of “I” distinguishes a good writer from a bad; the latter carries it with the manner of a thief trying to cloak his loot("In most books, the I, or first person, is omitted; in this it will be retained; that, in respect to egotism, is the main difference. We commonly do not remember that it is, after all, always the first person that is speaking. I should not talk so much about myself if there were anybody else whom I knew as well. Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience. Moreover, I, on my side, require of every writer, first or last, a simple and sincere account of his own life, and not merely what he has heard of other men's lives; some such account as he would send to his kindred from a distant land; for if he has lived sincerely, it must have been in a distant land to me.", Henry David Thoreau, "Economy").
 
Idiot, n. A member of a large and powerful tribe whose influence in human affairs has always been dominant and controlling. The Idiot’s activity is not confined to any special field of thought or action, but “pervades and regulates the whole.” He has the last word in everything; his decision is unappealable. He sets the fashions of opinion and taste, dictates the limitations of speech and circumscribes conduct with a dead-line.
 
Immigrant, n. An unenlightened person who thinks one country better than another.
 
Immoral, adj. Inexpedient. Whatever in the long run and with regard to the greater number of instances men find to be generally inexpedient comes to be considered wrong, wicked, immoral.
 
Impenitence, n. A state of mind intermediate in point of time between sin and punishment.
 
Imprudence, n. A peculiar charm attaching to certain actions, adding a new delight to such as are sinful and somewhat mitigating the wearisome character of those that are good.
 
Impunity, n. Wealth.
 
Incorporation, n. The act of uniting several persons into one fiction called a corporation, in order that they may be no longer responsible for their actions. A, B and C are a corporation. A robs, B steals and C (it is necessary that there be one gentleman in the concern) cheats. It is a plundering, thieving, swindling corporation. But A, B and C, who have jointly determined and severally executed every crime of the corporation, are blameless. It is wrong to mention them by name when censuring their acts as a corporation, but right when praising... The scoundrel who invented incorporation is deadhe has disincorporated.
 
Infancy, n. The period of our lives when, according to Wordsworth, “Heaven lies about us.”(from the poem Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood) The world begins lying about us pretty soon afterward.
 
Ingratitude, n. A form of self-respect that is not inconsistent with acceptance of favors.
 
Insane, adj. Addicted to the conviction that others are insane.
 
Interpreter, n. One who enables two persons of different languages to understand each other by repeating to each what it would have been to the interpreter’s advantage for the other to have said.
 
Intimacy, n. A relation into which fools are providentially drawn for their mutual destruction.
 
Introduction, n. The introduction attains its most malevolent development in this century, being, indeed, closely related to our political system. Every American being the equal of every other American, it follows that everybody has the right to know everybody else, which implies the right to introduce without request or permission.The Declaration of Independence should have read thus:
 
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, and the right to make that of another miserable by thrusting upon him an incalculable quantity of acquaintances; liberty, particularly the liberty to introduce persons to one another without first ascertaining if they are not already acquainted as enemies; and the pursuit of another’s happiness with a running pack of strangers.”
 
Invasion, n. The patriot’s most approved method of attesting his love of his country.
 
J
 
Judge, n. A person who is always interfering in disputes in which he has no personal interest.
 
Justice, n. A commodity which in a more or less adulterated condition the State sells to the citizen as a reward for his allegiance, taxes and personal service.
 
K
 
Kill, v.t. To create a vacancy without nominating a successor.
 
Kindness, n. A brief preface to ten volumes of exaction.
 
L
 
Labor, n. One of the processes by which A acquires property for B.
 
Language, n. The music with which we charm the serpents guarding another’s treasure.
 
Laziness, n. Unwarranted repose of manner in a person of low degree.
 
Legacy, n. A gift from one who is legging it out of this vale of tears.
 
Life, n. A spiritual pickle preserving the body from decay. We live in daily apprehension of its loss; yet when lost it is not missed. The question, “Is life worth living?” has been much discussed; particularly by those who think it is not, many of whom have written at great length in support of their view and by careful observance of the laws of health enjoyed for long terms of years the honors of successful controversy.
 
M
 
March, n. A title in the affairs of an army swayed by the attraction of loot.
 
Marvellous, adj. Not understood.
 
Meander, v.i. To proceed sinuously and aimlessly. The word is the ancient name of a river about one hundred and fifty miles south of Troy, which turned and twisted in the effort to get out of hearing when the Greeks and Trojans boasted of their prowess.
 
Mediate, v.i. To butt in.
 
Mind, n. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with.
 
Misdemeanor, n. An infraction of the law having less dignity than a felony and constituting no claim to admittance into the best criminal society.
 
Misfortune, n. The kind of fortune that never misses.
 
Monarchical Government, n. Government.
 
Money, n. A blessing that is of no advantage to us excepting when we part with it.
 
Monosyllabic, adj. ...The words are commonly Saxon—that is to say, words of a barbarous people destitute of ideas and incapable of any but the most elementary sentiments and emotions. (Note: AB railed against Joaquin Miller’s admonition that poets use only Saxon words: “Our words of one syllable are commonly Saxon words, that is to say, the words of a primitive people without a wide range of thought, feeling and sentiment... the richer thoughts and higher emotions must clothe themselves in the words of peoples to whom they were known—in the ductile derivatives of the Norman-French, the Greek and the incomparable Latin. It is to the unlearned only that our brief bald Saxon words seem the only natural, graphic and sufficient ones” (“Joaquin Miller on Joaquin Miller,” E, 30 Jan. 1898: 7 [magazine section]).)
 
"The man who writes in Saxon
Is the man to use an ax on."
-Judibras.
 
Monument, n. A structure intended to commemorate something which either needs no commemoration or cannot be commemorated.
 
Morning, n. The end of night and dawn of dejection.
 
Mortality, n. The part of immortality that we know about.
 
Motive, n. A mental wolf in moral wool.
 
N
 
Nonsense, n. The objections that are urged against this excellent dictionary.
 
Novel, n. A short story padded... The art of writing novels... is long dead everywhere except in Russia, where it is new. Peace to its ashessome of which have a large sale.
 
O
 
Oblivion, n. The state or condition in which the wicked cease from struggling and the dreary are at rest. Fame’s eternal dumping ground. Cold storage for high hopes. A place where ambitious authors meet their works without pride and their betters without envy. A dormitory without an alarm clock.
 
Obsolete, adj. No longer used by the timid. Said chiefly of words. A word which some lexicographer has marked obsolete is ever thereafter an object of dread and loathing to the fool writer, but if it is a good word and has no exact modern equivalent equally good, it is good enough for the good writer.
 
Occult, adj. Knowable to those only who think it worth knowing.
 
Once, adv. Enough.
 
Opposition, n. In politics the party that prevents the Government from running amuck by hamstringing it.
 
The King of Ghargaroo, who had been abroad to study the science of government, appointed one hundred of his fattest subjects as members of a parliament to make laws for the collection of revenue. Forty of these he named the Party of Opposition and had his Prime Minister carefully instruct them in their duty of opposing every royal measure. Nevertheless, the first one that was submitted passed unanimously. Greatly displeased, the King vetoed it, informing the Opposition that if they did that again they would pay for their obstinacy with their heads. The entire forty promptly disemboweled themselves.
 
“What shall we do now?” the King asked. “Liberal institutions cannot be maintained without a party of Opposition.”
 
“Splendor of the universe,” replied the Prime Minister, “it is true these dogs of darkness have no longer their credentials, but all is not lost. Leave the matter to this worm of the dust.”
 
So the Minister had the bodies of his Majesty’s Opposition embalmed防腐處理 and stuffed with straw, put back into the seats of power and nailed there. Forty votes were recorded against every bill and the nation prospered. But one day a bill imposing a tax on warts贅疣 was defeatedthe members of the Government party had not been nailed to their seats! This so enraged the King that the Prime Minister was put to death, the parliament was dissolved with a battery of artillery, and government of the people, by the people, for the people perished from Ghargaroo.
 
Optimism, n. The doctrine, or belief, that everything is beautiful, including what is ugly, everything good, especially the bad, and everything right that is wrong.
 
Optimist, n. A proponent of the doctrine that black is white.
 
Otherwise, adv. No better.
 
Outcome, n. A particular type of disappointment. By the kind of intelligence that sees in an exception a proof of the rule (that) the wisdom of an act is judged by the outcome, the result. This is immortal nonsense; the wisdom of an act is to be judged by the light that the doer had when he performed it.
 
Outdo, v.t. To make an enemy.
 
Out-of-doors, n. That part of ones environment upon which no government has been able to collect taxes. Chiefly useful to inspire poets.
 
Outrage, n. Any disagreeable act, considered from the viewpoint of the victim of it. A denial of immunity.
 
P
 
Pain, n. An uncomfortable frame of mind that may have a physical basis in something that is being done to the body, or may be purely mental, caused by the good fortune of another.
 
Pantheism, n. The doctrine that everything is God, in contradistinction to the doctrine that God is everything.
 
Past, n. That part of Eternity with some small fraction of which we have a slight and regrettable acquaintance.
 
Pastime, n. A device for promoting dejection. Gentle exercise for intellectual debility(i.e. frailty).
 
Patience, n. A minor form of despair, disguised as a virtue.
 
Patriotism, n. Combustible rubbish ready to the torch of any one ambitious to illuminate his name.
 
In Dr. Johnson’s famous dictionary patriotism is defined as the last resort of a scoundrel(note: Johnson’s actual comment is: “Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel.” It derives not from his dictionary but from Boswell’s Life of Johnson (under the date 7 Apr. 1775)). With all due respect to an enlightened but inferior lexicographer I beg to submit that it is the first.
 
Peace, n. In international affairs, a period of cheating between two periods of fighting.
 
Perseverance, n. A lowly virtue whereby mediocrity achieves an inglorious success.
 
Philosophy, n. A route of many roads leading from nowhere to nothing.
 
Pitiful, adj. The state of an enemy or opponent after an imaginary encounter with oneself.
 
Pity, n. A failing(i.e. declining) sense of exemption, inspired by contrast.
 
Plan, v.t. To bother about the best method of accomplishing an accidental result.
 
Platter, n. A senseless thing that holds food without eating it.
 
Please, v. To lay the foundation for a superstructure of imposition.
 
Plunder, v. To take the property of another without observing the decent and customary reticences(i.e. reserve) of theft... To wrest the wealth of A from B and leave C lamenting a vanished opportunity.
 
Pocket, n. The cradle of motive and the grave of conscience.
 
Politician, n. An eel in the fundamental mud upon which the superstructure of organized society is reared. When he wriggles he mistakes the agitation of his tail for the trembling of the edifice. As compared with the statesman, he suffers the disadvantage of being alive.
 
Politics, n. A strife of interests masquerading as a contest of principles.
 
Price, n. Value, plus a reasonable sum for the wear and tear of conscience in demanding it.
 
Promise, n. A form of incantation to conjure up a hope that is to be exorcised later by inattention.
 
Property, n. ...The object of man’s brief rapacity and long indifference.
 
Public, n. The negligible factor in problems of legislation.
 
R
 
Rack, n. An argumentative implement formerly much used in persuading devotees of a false faith to embrace the living truth.
 
Radicalism, n. The conservatism of to-morrow injected into the affairs of to-day.
 
Railroad, n. The chief of many mechanical devices enabling us to get away from where we are to where we are no better off.
 
Rank, n. Relative elevation in the scale of human worth.
 
Read, v. To get the sense of something written, if it has any. Commonly, it has not.
 
Reason, v.i. To weigh probabilities in the scales of desire.
 
Reasonable, adj. Accessible to the infection of our own opinions. Hospitable to persuasion, dissuasion and evasion.
 
Rebel, n. A proponent of a new misrule who has failed to establish it.
 
Reconsider, v. To seek a justification for a decision already made.
 
Redemption, n. Deliverance of sinners from the penalty of their sin, through their murder of the deity against whom they sinned. The doctrine of Redemption is the fundamental mystery of our holy religion, and whoso(archaic term for whoever) believeth in it shall not perish, but have everlasting life in which to try to understand it.
 
Retaliation, n. The natural rock upon which is reared the Temple of Law.
 
R.I.P. A careless abbreviation of requiescat in pace (rest in peace), attesting an indolent goodwill to the dead. According to the learned Dr. Drigge, however, the letters originally meant nothing more than reductus in pulvis (reduced to dust).
 
Robber, n. A candid man of affairs.
 
S
 
Saint, n. A dead sinner revised and edited.
 
Self-esteem, n. An erroneous appraisement.
 
Self-evident, adj. Evident to one’s self and to nobody else.
 
Selfish, adj. Devoid of consideration for the selfishness of others.
 
Siren塞壬,半人半鳥的女海妖, n. One of several musical prodigies神童 famous for a vain attempt to dissuade Odysseus from a life on the ocean wave.
 
Slang, n. ...The speech of one who utters with his tongue what he thinks with his ear, and feels the pride of a creator in accomplishing the feat of a parrot.
 
Sorcery, n. The ancient prototype and forerunner of political influence.
 
Success, n. The one unpardonable sin against one’s fellows.
 
Symbol, n. Something that is supposed to typify or stand for something else. Many symbols are mere “survivals”—things which having no longer any utility continue to exist because we have inherited the tendency to make them; as funereal urns carved on memorial monuments. They were once real urns holding the ashes of the dead. We cannot stop making them, but we can give them a name that conceals our helplessness.
 
T
 
Take, v.t. To acquire, frequently by force but preferably by stealth.
 
Talk, v.t. To commit an indiscretion without temptation, from an impulse without purpose.
 
Tariff, n. A scale of taxes on imports, designed to protect the domestic producer against the greed of his consumer.
 
Telephone, n. An invention of the devil which abrogates some of the advantages of making a disagreeable person keep his distance.
 
Tenacity, n. A certain quality of the human hand in its relation to the coin of the realm.
 
Tomb, n. The House of Indifference.
 
Trial, n. A formal inquiry designed to prove and put upon record the blameless characters of judges, advocates and jurors.
 
Trace, n. Friendship.
 
Truthful, adj. Dumb and illiterate.
 
Twice, adv. Once too often (i.e. repeating a bad action).
 
U
 
Understanding, n. A cerebral secretion that enables one having it to know a house from a horse by the roof on the house. Its nature and laws have been exhaustively expounded by Locke, who rode a house, and Kant, who lived in a horse.
 
V
 
Virtues, n.pl. Certain abstentions.
 
Vote, n. The instrument and symbol of a freeman’s power to make a fool of himself and a wreck of his country.
 
W
 
Wall street, n. a symbol of sin for every devil to rebuke.
 
Wedding, n. A ceremony at which two persons undertake to become one, one undertakes to become nothing, and nothing undertakes to become supportable.
 
White, adj. and n. Black.
 
Z
 
Zigzag, v.t. To move forward uncertainly, from side to side, as one carrying the white man’s burden.

2022年9月3日 星期六

函可七絕、七律摘抄

函可(1612-1660)七絕、七律摘抄


七言絕句
 
「野寺開門雲亂飄,魚聲燈火各蕭條。凄凄木佛憑任憑傳語,只恐寒多我欲燒《五燈會元‧卷五》:(丹霞禪師)後於慧林寺遇天大寒,取木佛燒火向,院主訶曰:「何得燒我木佛?」師以杖子撥灰曰:「吾燒取舍利。」主曰:「木佛何有舍利?」師曰:「既無舍利,更取兩尊燒。」主自後眉鬚墮落(無著道忠《虛堂錄犁耕》:不可説之法而説,皆可爲謗法。謗法者眉鬚墮落。故宗師常以垂説爲『不惜眉毛』也。)。」-〈重和堡中八詠·其四永興寺〉
 
「少小參尋猶尋訪老大僧,雲山歷盡碧層層。關東白日寒如水,欲寄清凉照古藤。」-〈寄界繫師〉
 
「燒松共話到更深,衣薄鐘殘雪又侵。住得此山非近世,不須重問祖師心。」-〈山中同諸老夜話〉
 
「裂却青衫三十年,孤峰獨自抱雲眠。相逢休問今何代,夢滿雙眉月滿天。」-〈訪無心師〉
 
先世為儒知不免,桃花那得到兒孫。」-〈桃源詞二首·其一〉
 
「采將山菜山柴煮,更汲山泉徹底清。
野老自言年八十,年年食此不知名。」-〈入山雜詠二十首·其二十〉
 
「長讀金剛一卷經,經聲纔罷暗叮嚀。
生還菽水豆和水,形容生活清苦。語出《禮記·檀弓下》:子路曰:「傷哉貧也!生無以為養,死無以為禮也。」孔子曰:「啜菽飲水,盡其歡,斯之謂孝;斂首足形(蓋住遺體的頭腳),還葬而無槨,稱(相稱)其財,斯之謂禮。」無他願,雙白待考。雙或為相從、相伴義看兒到百齡。」-〈贈友人十二首·其二〉
 
「一杯濁酒柰愁何,盡日看天自放歌。
衣上密縫還是舊,淚殘風裂已無多。」-〈贈友人十二首·其七〉
 
「獄吏何妨溺死灰《史記·韓長孺列傳》:其後安國坐法抵罪,蒙獄吏田甲辱安國。安國曰:「死灰獨不復然乎?」田甲曰:「然即溺之。」居無何,梁內史缺,漢使使者拜安國為梁內史,起徒中為二千石。田甲亡走。安國曰:「甲不就官,我滅而(你;爾)宗。」甲因肉袒謝。安國笑曰:「可溺矣!公等足與治(值得我懲治嗎)乎?」卒善遇之獨將雞肋轟雷《晉書·劉伶列傳》:「嘗醉與俗人相忤,其人攘袂奮拳而往。伶徐曰:『雞肋不足以安尊拳。』其人笑而止。」Charles Lamb, 'Oxford In The Vacation', 'The fangs of the law pierce him not — the winds of litigation blow over his humble chambers... none thinks of offering violence or injustice to him—you would as soon “strike an abstract idea.”'
翻嫌昔日王孫餓,寧受尊拳不受哀憐憫;同情。」-〈賀孝公被撻二首·其一〉
 
「自笑居山懶入山,山花山鳥任閒閒。
輸給;及不上君抱病仍扶杖,歷盡溪流第幾灣。」-〈聞赤公扶病登山有懷二絶·其一〉
 
「片石短松須歇足,莫于峰頂哭途窮。」-〈聞赤公扶病登山有懷二絶 ·其二〉
 
「蝶死不知花是夢,林鶯何必苦招呼。」-〈詠花六首·其四〉
 
「身在山中不識山,何人潑墨寄柴關。
雪深最好無蹊徑,竟入長松大壑間。」-〈題天公寄畫山水〉
 
「日日空山一卷書,行吟孤坐外忘懷;超脱無餘指沒有多餘的資財、外物
清風寺裏僧來到,說道明朝是歲除。」-〈偶成〉
 
「不恨投荒我獨先,春風應滿塞城邊。
相將相偕,相共半揖辭冰雪,莫憶寒雲壑底眠于鵠〈過凌霄洞天謁張先生祠〉:「乃知軒冕徒(顯貴者),寧比(好比)雲壑眠。」。」-〈元日山中寄同難諸老〉
 
「四壁任教塗白雪,蕭然仍是去年貧。」-〈恥若新居成〉
 
「山前大路久荒蕪,況復連綿雨雪鋪。
莫道有鄰寒始見,長松頑石盡吾徒。」-〈恥若聞十慧龍諸子入山〉
 
「孤松如蓋碧萋萋,流水還餘未凍溪
窮到生臺寺院施捨飯食供禽蟲啄食的台案無半粒,饑烏帶雪向人啼。」-〈金塔山居雜詠二十首·其六〉
 
「何人繫馬厓邊樹信意登臨水一壺。
山鼠分餘堪共飽,人間禮數本來無。」-〈金塔山居雜詠二十首·其十七〉
 
「夜寒寂寂照冰顏,巖壑無心戶不關。
明月也知山上好,莫教清影落人間。」-〈山月〉
 
「濕盡枯柴雪滿天,山廚昨日已無烟。
眼前病骨今如此,知爾難垂一點涎。」-〈二十七日虎至廚門〉
 
「身如浮沫命如烟,老少繇來別後先徒有先後之別
莫怨他鄕歸不得,人間處處達黃泉。」-〈慰病客〉
 
「隻杖無心過別峰,朝朝暮暮幾聲鐘。
細思最得便宜處,長佔崖西一樹松。」-〈謝別僧招〉
 
「一把枯茆音牡百仞山,殷勤何意扣同「叩」禪關。
須知十萬西方路,只在尋常杖策間。」-〈贈德悟師〉
 
「日高三丈各安眠,早起何人獨灌園。
須信祖師真的意,元來只在轆轤邊。」-〈贈寂庵師〉
 
「野橋斷處嵐煙盡,依舊泉流白石間。」-〈贈壽績〉
 
祇因世事難開眼,一卷詩書付後人。」-〈贈曹居士〉
 
本來面目無文字,執卷何須問老僧。
愛汝清貧偏好學,寒窓風雪對孤燈。」-〈贈李居士〉
 
「一片晴雲萬壑閒,行人立馬自開顏。
風沙此際還留勝,豈必羅浮是故山按:不遜盛唐氣象。」-〈望醫巫閭今遼寧省西部主要山脈


「城郭依然古殿閒,人民去後剩青山
山中有雪猶堪嚙,何用春風度玉關。」-〈立春日〉
 
春盡枝頭始見花,風流何處委黃沙。
尋常百姓今猶少,飛入清寒古佛家。」-〈燕子〉
 
「白水青波是舊身,夜深惟許爾相親。
衲衣一片寒侵髓,不久當為若輩人。」-〈招諸公入社詩十首·其六·招冰鬼〉
 

七言律詩
 
「摘葉燒泉處士齋,幾番相向寫幽懷。看殘今古無天眼,踏破青山有草鞋。雁去休教虛隻字,猿歸應已共層崖。世間定亂非裴度非由裴度一人所決。度為唐憲宗時宰相,曾平定蔡州叛藩吳元濟的淮西之亂,促成元和中興,雪夜何人更度淮淮西」-〈次余澹心韻二首·其二陳寅恪《柳如是別傳》:「乃函可於丁亥(秋)返粵告別之作也。」,頁960
 
「三十七年事事非,兩行新淚點田衣猶袈裟世間白日還容我,海上青山未許歸。天意每於窮極見,故人不為病多稀。明朝好惡休須論,且共團圞話日暉。」-〈繫中生日二首·其二〉(1646-47年,寓金陵間作)
 
梅花嶺下《明史·史可法傳》:「可法死,覓其遺骸。天暑,眾屍蒸變,不可辯識。逾年,家人舉袍笏招魂,葬於揚州郭外之梅花嶺。其後四方弄兵者,多假其名號以行,故時謂可法不死云。」小溪邊,寒盡孤僧淚獨漣……香冷夜深松火息,萬方從此靜烽煙Anton ChekhovA Dead Body〉:「The fire gradually went out, and soon the dead body was lost among great shadows.」(Robert Payne譯)。」-〈甲申歲除寓南安〉(1645年)
 
「多難還餘善病身,栖栖終不怨風塵。挈瓢戴雪逢遺老,著屐尋詩有故人。夜雨暫將山色改,年光又逐淚痕新。遙知鄉國東風早,花信憑盛大貌吹薄海海邊春。」-〈丙戌元旦顧家樓〉(1646年)
 
「每逢遺老即留連,病骨支離不記年。但有心胸還宇宙,更無眼目借人天。…… 」-〈丁亥元旦昧庵試筆〉(1647年)
 
三百年來明祚歷276年一老臣,蹁躚旋舞貌雙袖白綸巾。數莖霜雪留前代或暗指頭髮,對應滿清新近頒行的薙髮令,半幅江山付後人。諸祖傳燈能共證,滿庭流水未全貧。遙知橋畔梅花發,極目寒邊欲寄春寄託春意也。」-〈再寄阿誰未知何人。嚴志雄認為或暗指函可自己。Lawrence C. H. Yim, Loyalism, Exile, Poetry Revisiting the Monk Hanke: "But who is the subject of “Another Letter to Ah Who”? Ah Who, or Hanke himself? Line 2’s description of the graceful and elegant manners of the subject defies a direct association with Hanke (such self-portrayal is rare in Chinese poetry). Herein lies the art of ambiguity that Hanke cultivated in his Liaodong poetry. Hanke eulogized different figures, lionized them as Ming loyalists, but refrained from registering himself openly among their ranks."
 
「大風吹夢渺無垠,白鷺洲前彩袖貧。今古更教誰搦管握筆乾坤似未可容身。鐘聲屢聽寒僧飯,詩句時生山鬼瞋。好擬招魂東海畔,沅湘不獨沒靈均屈原之字。後引申為詞章之士 」-〈寄于皇〉
 
「寥落家家惜曉春,朔風仍自覓孤身恒河流水還生滅,冷磧音責。沙漠飛沙無故新。西極龍顏心咫尺,南天嶺南地區馬鬣音獵。墳墓。因墳地上所封的土,形狀有如馬鬃夢悲辛。眼看鯨海日本海波濤細,猶可殘生見世人。」-〈元旦有感二首·其二〉
 
「佛骨偏能留世道,鱷魚今已遍桑田。」-〈過昌黎故里〉
 
「到門白盡兩邊籬,獨擁半裘一見疑見師至而疑也。半個孤僧連雪倒仆也,數篇新句忍寒披披讀。鬼當哭處予偏妒,血到漓時佛更悲,三日下來應凍死,早成一首哭冰詩。」-〈讀雪齋左懋泰居處新詩〉

……一匙每節擊節;輕輕敲打僧方餓,半晌無言句又奇。從此板扉無剝啄門啟而無預警也,便知托缽到來時。 」-〈久坐雪齋左懋泰居處

「白眼欲枯重著雪,青衫已破又吹風。」-〈寄陳吳二子二首·其一〉
 
「相看白晝擁寒衾,餓極方知天意深。」-〈再寄北堡三子〉
 
「廿年作客白門西南方稱白門秋,辛苦還家短髪留。半壁又虛惟裂眥,同匝天何處可埋頭。文章自合隨身老,貧賤除非到死休。絕塞忽思酬唱地,西湖有月大如甌瓦盆。」-〈懷梁非馨〉
 
「回首幾人成白骨,入關半步卽青天。」-〈李耀寰移家入關〉
 
「五百何年去不還,獨留父子守青山。洞雲竈冷飛黃蝶,砌草碑橫臥白鷳音閒牛鬼已全傾世界,龍天即天龍八部依舊擁禪關。團圞莫說無生話,縱解無生泪更潺。」-〈聞華首都寺真乘父子無恙〉
 
「三把枯茆音牡必不堪不足也林間安得未燒庵。日斜尚自敲殘磬,葉爛何人啟舊函。松檜劫餘雲冷淡,芰荷秋老衲㲯毿。城邊白骨溪邊月,一一從今好細參。」-〈聞近廬守黃華寺寄示〉
 
「何須佳節亦招尋,此日團圞雪費吟費神作詩。黃景仁〈癸巳除夕偶成〉:年年此夕費吟呻,兒女燈前竊笑頻。汝輩何知吾自悔,枉拋心力作詩人。天外鄉關誰更遠,籬邊菊淚我彌深。一牀几案新句添秋色,數枕或為杯墊寒泉浸道心。趁此晚晴歸路白白路、大道棲烏未定響疎林。」-〈重陽集北里指左懋泰大雪〉
 
「平生相識滿天地,此日何人片紙來。數點淚彈浸墨跡,幾年夢去繞梅開。土田兒女終浮沫,文字心肝總禍胎。世事一番君已見,莫將白髪殉黃埃。」-〈接與治顧夢遊,字與治書〉
 
「朋當死地如山重,儒到寒邊似葉輕。」-〈贈陳子〉
 
「皇天何苦我猶存,碎却袈裟拭淚痕。白鶴歸來還有觀,梅花斫盡不成村。人間早識空中電,塞上難招嶺外魂。孤雁乍鳴心欲絕,西堂鐘皷同「鼓」又黃昏。」-〈皇天〉
 
「案有乾螢筴有魚,風來恰受半窗虛。一時差勝蘇卿窖指蘇武。陳維崧《大江乘·聞雁》:不如北去,怕蘇卿雪窖將老,千古應傳揚子居左思〈詠史·濟濟京城內·其四〉:「寂寂揚子宅,門無卿相輿。」禾黍已深妨遠目,兒童屢進授新書。生涯只此聊終歲,更有何門好曳裾音居。曳裾王門。比喻在權貴的門下做食客。」-〈再題甦築齋〉
 
「世惟欲殺稱知己,我亦自嫌真罪人。」-〈偶成〉
 
「冷山流遞流放;發配幾經年,此日看身益惘然。瓶鉢無心隨積雪,松楸有恨抱終天。裂裾欲續西征記戴祚,字延之,晉、宋間小説家,曾隨劉裕西征姚秦,作《西征記》二卷,破帽長歌正氣篇。自笑出家餘習在,人間斯道只如線。」-〈辛卯生日〉(1652年)
 
「被薄每勞風繾綣,道窮爭怪鬼揶揄。」-〈喜我存病間〉
 
「堅冰堪嚼佛堪燒,久矣無心問市朝。骨冷自應投大漠,月明猶故照今宵。蘇卿杖節寧終海,韓子留衣韓愈〈與孟尚書書〉:「有人傳愈近少信奉釋氏,此傳之者妄也。潮州時(韓愈元和十四年貶潮州),有一老僧號大顛,頗聰明,識道理,遠地無可與語者,故自山召至州郭,留十數日。實能外形骸,以理自勝(克制,或謹守法度),不為事物侵亂。與之語,雖不盡解,要(關鍵)自胸中無滯礙,以為難得,因與來往。及祭神至海上,遂造其廬。及來袁州,留衣服為別。乃人之情,非崇信其法,求福田利益也。」尚在潮潮州。溝洫未填吾與若,空荒天地可寥寥。」-〈步左公左懋泰贈韻二首·其二〉
 
「壁上燈微鐘皷寂,寒襟如水自應知。」-〈大雪宿白塔寺靜公禪室〉
 
「畏客不除當路雪,采薇常帶遠山嵐。」-〈再宿靜公禪室〉
 
「從今半席長虛待,到此應知無別人。」-〈三宿靜公禪室(春前一夕)〉
 
「堂前鐘皷龍天會,被底冰霜骨肉親。」-〈壬辰元旦〉(1652年)
 
「身死不煩蠅作弔,年凶惟見虎加飱。」-〈聞同難民為虎所食〉
 
「原鴒音零。《詩·小雅·常棣》:「脊令在原,兄弟急難。」 孔穎達疏:「脊令者,當居於水,今乃在於高原之上,失其常處,以喻人當居平安之世,今在於急難之中,亦失常處也……以喻兄弟既在急難而相救。」脊令,即鶺鴒,水鳥名血盡生逾苦,池草根鋤夢亦乾。」-〈聞耳叔弟韓宗騄,字耳叔陳伯陶《勝朝粵東遺民錄·函可傳》:「《惠州志》云:『……張家玉起兵東莞,如琰(字潤季。函可堂兄)率黃牛逕千人從……還駐博羅。大兵環攻,穴地實火藥,火發,城陷。如琰等及生員韓二見皆戰死。』……《張鐵橋年譜》云:『辛卯訪韓耳叔於鵞城。漢逸(韓宗驎,函可兄長)先年死於城破,耳叔撫其姪。』……《惠州志》:『丁亥八月,張家玉踞博羅。九月,水師副將黃明、梁立克復之。』《文烈行狀》:『博羅陷,家玉脫走,敵屠城。』據此則宗驎、宗驪以抗節,寡姊以城陷,妹以救,母、宗驪婦以飲刃死,皆城破被屠時事……然是役宗騄未死,《千山集》〈瀋陽雜詩〉云:『舉家數百口,一弟獨為人。』又〈憶耳叔弟〉詩云:『白骨全家賴爾收。』觀此可證《張鐵橋年譜》云:『辛卯訪韓耳叔於鵞城,歸後,聞耳叔亦隱於山。閣部洪,文恪門下士也。嶺東道施出都門,洪以韓諸子為託,施至為之顧盼;旋與鎮將王某不愜,遂摭耳叔陰事。耳叔既殺,妻不食死。』按:洪即承疇,其時嶺東道為施起元,鎮將為黃應傑,王當黃之誤,蓋宗騄為黃應傑所殺也。《千山集》有〈聞耳叔弟盡節〉詩,次壬辰元旦後,則其被殺在辛卯壬辰間。又〈秋思〉詩云:『叔弟薄青衿,欣然慕老龐。』蓋諸生而棄去者。(一說)《惠州志》稱嶺東道施起元分校惠士,疑宗騄不肯就試,故為鎮將所搆殺也。」盡節〉(1651-52年)
 
有骨莫愁冰雪沁,無香休惹蝶蜂疑。」-〈白蠟梅花〉
 
「幸以艱難存道味,何妨怒駡爛天真。」-〈因事似我存〉
 
「杖頭安得紙為錢《世說新語·任誕》:阮宣子常步行,以百錢掛杖頭,至酒店,便獨酣暢。雖當世貴盛,不肯詣也,漠漠風吹寒食天。
野哭又添沙上鬼,暮歸因問洞中天。
騎驢人去空留句,坐客牀餘未嚙氈咬吞氈毛充饑,喻堅貞不屈。《漢書·蘇武傳》:乃幽武置大窖中,絕不飲食。天雨雪,武臥齧雪與旃毛并咽之,數日不死,匈奴以為神,乃徙武北海上無人處,使牧羝,羝乳(公羊產乳。喻無歸也)乃得歸
三輔遙傳榆柳盡何須待禁久無烟。」-〈寒食偕諸子訪苗李二錬師歸見木齋留詩同賦〉
 
不到無錐未是貧。」-〈喜貴庵托鉢回〉
 
「燈前雪底亦空言,寒淚無端濕五原韓愈 《原道》、《原性》、《原人》、《原鬼》、《原毀》五文
大道翻嫌諸聖淺,奇情非常的情操難與老僧論。
平生最苦肝腸熱,今日方知裘馬尊。
不是唁君惟自唁,悠悠終恐骨孤存。」-〈唁〉
 
「蠅頭盡是英雄塚,牛後《戰國策.韓策一》:「臣(蘇秦)聞鄙諺曰:『寧為雞口,無為牛後。』今大王西面交臂而臣事秦,何以異於牛後乎?」須防牧豎牧童縱所處賤如牛後,亦得防鞭也。」-〈卽事似大翁木齋謙公諸同志二首·其一〉
 
「寒燈一點暫相親,除夢都應不是真。
開口後來皆作聖,蓋棺前此莫論人
鬼神未到須防獨言鰥寡孤獨也。又《增廣賢文·下集》:「群居防口,獨坐防心。」涓滴雖微便溺身
縱死定令天亦見,肯猶豈教風雨暗青燐。」-〈偶成〉
 
「江北江南是舊遊,猙獰如虎靜如秋……五位猶言五方諸方俱已厭,千家一鉢更何憂……」-〈喜文玄參方因請藏回〉
 
「幾年何日不相見,相見應知各有詩。
公到苦吟予獨賞,余當狂叫汝深悲。
尋常只道窮邊事,隔別應生靜夜思。
始覺寒冰良匪偶偶然,千秋萬古有人知。」-〈寄大翁〉
 
「枵腹枵音囂。空腹,猶飢餓尚能留瓦鉢,殘軀只合撇空林。」-〈德公約分半榻兼許春來代營茆屋〉
 
「群雁聲摧影獨依,文章嚙盡腹終饑
北堂自繞黃沙夢,東閣東廂的居室。又古代宰相招賢之處。《漢書·公孫弘傳》:弘自見(自露才幹)為舉首(科舉第一名),起徒步,數年至宰相封侯,於是起客館,開東閣以延賢人,與參謀議仍開白板扉。
劍鋏不彈聲欲絕,髮膚旣盡骨思歸
遊魂無禁人死方能無禁也知先到,寒極還應索舞衣待考。」-〈哭晉中張子〉
 
「霹靂秪同「祇」從夢裏聽,雲烟不向冷邊飛。」-〈大翁攜來琴畫硯帖俱典盡感賦〉
 
「卻慚歲歲當茲日,猶把餘骸抵冷霜。」-〈乙未生日四首·其一〉(1656年)
 
「梅花夜夜飄荒戍,雁羽年年向舊岑。」-〈乙未生日四首·其二〉(1656年)
 
「世間無處堪容膝,地下何人共賦詩……他生尚有投鍼同針。《傳燈錄》:「迦那提婆者。南天竺國人也……初求福業,兼樂辯論。後謁龍樹大士。將及門,龍樹知是智人。先遣侍者,以滿缽水置於坐前。尊者睹之,即以一針投而進之。欣然契會。龍樹即為說法。」《佛光大辭典》:滿鉢之水乃比擬龍樹之智慧周遍,投針則係表提婆欲究其底之意約,獨獻龍江水半巵。」-〈哭左吏部大來左懋泰,號大萊八首·其三〉(1656年)
 
……豈是艱難存古道,獨將毫髮透透示、透映空門。何當振袂春風起,一拂寒沙徹底暄温暖。」-〈南塔卽事〉
 
「何處堪逃乞食名,半龕殘雪裹餘生。
莫愁壑淺雲難臥,無那無限溪流水有聲
飛矢漫追孤鶴影,遺弦不作老龍老龍吟琴,或老子。《史記·老子韓非列傳》:至於龍吾不能知,其乘風雲而上天。吾今日見老子,其猶龍邪!……」-〈雪公寄書入山偶成二律·其一〉
 
「休道尋山山未深,冰崖木佛共蕭森。
寒鐘不到疎林外,幽月空勞碧澗潯水邊
獄沉頑鐵堅硬的鐵還餘氣,音串。以火煮食。《後漢書·蔡邕傳》:吳人有燒桐以爨者,邕聞火烈之聲,知其良木,因請而裁為琴,果有美音,而其尾猶焦,故時人名曰焦尾琴焉後枯桐欲絕音……」-〈雪公寄書入山偶成二律·其二〉
 
何如四十六年前,莫遣雙眸見大千
隨地到處、不拘何地不辭縈牽掛世難,到邊猶自愧風烟辜負風光
衰顏畏入南天南方夢,冷骨無煩古佛憐。
抖擻尚餘空布袋,逢人但乞一文錢。」-〈丙申生日二首·其一〉(1657年)
 
「到死應知骨未摧,戴將白雪照泉臺墓穴
江山紙上還留影,富貴生前幸不才。
短札幾回通遠磧,長歌徒自委荒萊。
塵埋雙管巵亭冷,從此梅花不必開(作者注:雙管瓶巵亭,公所隱處也。)。」-〈遙哭鄒白衣〉
 
「無限生人妒死骨,極憐死後似生還。」-〈送魏李二公靈櫬回二首·其一〉
 
泉底翻能見天日,沙邊何必盡風雷。」-〈送魏李二公靈櫬回二首·其二〉
 
「深秋風雨苦連宵,瓶鉢郎當一瞬漂
龐老有船曾用載龐公,東漢末年隱士,皇甫謐《高士傳》:「龐公者,南郡襄陽人也,居峴山之南,未嘗入城府……荊州刺史劉表延請不能屈,乃就候之曰:夫保全一身,孰若保全天下乎龐公笑曰:鴻鵠巢於高林之上,暮而得所栖;黿鼉穴於深淵之下,夕而得所宿。夫趣舍行止,亦人之巢穴也,且各得其栖宿而已,天下非所保也……表指而問曰:先生苦居畎畝,而不肯官祿,後世何以遺子孫乎?龐公曰:世人皆遺之以危,今獨遺之以安,雖所遺不同,未為無所遺也。表嘆息而去。後遂攜其妻子登鹿門山,因採藥不反。」孟浩然〈夜歸鹿門山歌〉:「人隨沙路向江村,余亦乘舟歸鹿門。鹿門月照開煙樹,忽到龐公棲隱處,丹霞無佛不須燒《五燈會元·卷五》:後於慧林寺遇天大寒,取木佛燒火向,院主訶曰:「何得燒我木佛?」師(丹霞禪師)以杖子撥灰曰:「吾燒取舍利。」主曰:「木佛何有舍利?」師曰:「既無舍利,更取兩尊燒。」主自後眉鬚墮落
身家浮沫寧常聚,性海佛教語。指真如之理性深廣如海狂瀾尚未消。
從此還山松月好,一枝猶自足鷦鷯《莊子·逍遙遊》:許由曰:「子治天下,天下既已治也。而我猶代子,吾將為名乎?名者,實之賓也。吾將為賓乎?鷦鷯巢於深林,不過一枝;偃鼠飲河,不過滿腹。歸休乎君,予無所用天下為!庖人雖不治庖,尸祝不越樽俎而代之矣。」。」-〈賀貴庵水災
 
「一生半醉爛天真,到死依然未覺貧。」-〈遙哭安仲叔韓日欽,字安仲,函可之叔〉(1651年)
 
「居山偏不喜看山,雪盡披衣偶啟關。
為有甚因千壑苦,如何奈何頓老一朝顏。
忽思振策隨雲去,纔欲過橋又獨還。
書報故人無一好謂專心其事,所好不二。《荀子·修身》:凡治氣養心之術,莫徑由禮,莫要得師,莫神一好,道心客夢已全刪。」-〈和謙公雪中見懷韻〉
 
「短髮隨身月一鈎,拖鞋又過幾峰頭。
不關非關活水終難止,只任寒雲到處浮。
松石何心分好醜,主賓無禮足深幽
日午一瓢夜一宿一生如此更何求。」-〈從駐蹕峰移向陽二首·其一〉
 
「僧頭似雪心無事,手煮黃薺進白糜。」-〈同雪公遊千頂紀事十首·其七〉
 
「流光如矢命如塵,冰作生涯鬼作鄰。歲底又添門外雪,燈前幾個嶺南人……」-〈同阿字今無,字阿字諸子夜坐〉
 
……哭猶有淚情非至,吟到無題詩亦窮。細看此來真寂寞,眼前還得幾人同。」-〈丙申除夕和棲賢今無,字阿字辛卯除夕韻〉(1657年)
 
「松根盤石生難直,水勢依崖聲易高。」-〈入山有感示諸子〉
 
「今年貧似去年貧,窮鬼相逢一倍親。
兩底病肌猶病體寒有粟雞皮疙瘩,窓前積雪白為銀。
半瓢薄粥分饑雀,一碟鹽虀音劑。切碎後醃漬的菜借遠鄰。
處處盡忘賓與主,淡而不厭只因真。」-〈予去冬依證寓今冬依磬光皆手無半文喜賦〉
 
「路到窮時天更遠,力當盡後計偏疎……翹望仰望。形容盼望殷切章江贛江的古稱。長江的第七大支流,南北縱貫江西省雲縹緲,春風何事更躊躕。」-〈卽事〉
 
「瓦碎尚餘香粉膩,市喧疑是野魂哀……祇為繁華易消落,遍將清淚點寒灰。」-〈廣陵感賦函昰〈千山剩人可和尚塔銘〉:「會清兵渡江,聞某遇難、某自裁,皆有挽。過情傷時,人多危之。」陳寅恪《柳如是別傳》案:「《千山詩集補遺》有『哭縄海先生(張伯鯨,字瀚伯,別號繩海)』、『廣陵感賦』、『聞黃石齋(黃道周)至』等題,即所謂『過情傷時』之作。」可知此詩當作於1645-47年間
 
「論交茲夕復何疑屋角參橫動遠思。
今世幾人堪久別,他鄉惟子許相知。
但看綠漲流桃葉,已是朱明負荔枝。
去住總來成繫念,一生憔悴此情癡。」-〈對與治顧夢遊,字與治懷莞羊諸同志〉
 
「蓬轉長空跡未孤,栢林能不念吾徒。
回何敢死《論語·先進》:子畏(圍困)於匡,顏淵後(謂相失在後)。子曰:「吾以女為死矣。」曰:「子在,回何敢死?」還多畏高柴,字子羔也其來《孔子家語·子貢問》:「子路與子羔仕於衛,衛有蒯聵之難。孔子在魯,聞之,曰:柴也其來,由也死矣既而衛使至,曰:子路死焉。夫子哭之於中庭。有人弔者,而夫子拜之。已哭,進使者而問故。使者曰:醢(音海。剁成肉醬)之矣。遂令左右皆覆醢,曰:吾何忍食此!」又《論語·先進》:「柴也愚,參也魯,師(顓孫師)也辟(便辟,諂媚逢迎),由也喭(莽撞)。」《史記·衛康叔世家》:「仲由將入,遇子羔將出,曰:門已閉矣。子路曰:吾姑至矣。子羔曰:不及,莫踐其難。子路曰:食焉不辟其難子羔遂出。子路入,及門,公孫敢闔門,曰:毋入為也!子路曰:是公孫也?求利而逃其難。由不然,利其祿,必救其患有使者出,子路乃得入。曰:太子(蒯聵,即衞後莊公,脅持孔悝發動兵變者)焉用孔悝?雖殺之,必或繼之(《集解》引王肅曰:「必有繼續其後攻太子。」)且曰:太子無勇。若燔臺,必舍孔叔。太子聞之,懼,下石乞、盂黶敵子路,以戈擊之,割纓。子路曰:君子死,冠不免結纓而死。」幸是愚
強把笑歌酬木石樹木和山石。亦可指刑具,空令涕淚滿江湖。
浪遊愧我恒終歲,白首曾成一事無。」-〈莞中〉(1646-47年,寓金陵間作)
 
吾生猶及梅花發嚴志雄〈忠義、流放、詩歌——函可禪師新探〉:「嶺南人士(素)酷愛梅花……但是,一六四五年之後,梅花的意象具備了一層新的含意。南明弘光朝兵部尚書、大學士史可法在揚州殉國,其遺體始終未能尋獲,當地人士在梅花嶺為他修建了一座衣冠塚。」全祖望〈梅花嶺記〉:「初,忠烈遺言:『我死當葬梅花嶺上。』……求公之骨不可得,乃以衣冠葬之。」,豈必羅浮是舊鄕。」-〈寒夜偶成〉(1646-47年,寓金陵間作)